feat(mcp): Dateien ohne Base64 per HTTP hochladen

- POST /api/mcp/files nimmt multipart/form-data oder Rohdaten mit dem MCP-Token an, Ziel Dokumentenablage oder Eingangsrechnung
- documents.files.upload_url liefert Adresse, Parameter und curl-Beispiele
- Upload einer Eingangsrechnung bereitet nur noch die hochgeladene Datei vor

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

backend/src/mcp/fileUploads.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+import { assertToolPermission } from "./authz"
+import { assertInternalDocumentAccess, MCP_FILE_LIMIT } from "./documentFiles"
+import { McpContext, McpTool } from "./types"
+import { createScannerInboxService, validateScannerFile } from "../modules/scanner-inbox.service"
+import { uploadIncomingInvoiceFile } from "./tools/accounting"
+import { secrets } from "../utils/secrets"
+
+export const MCP_UPLOAD_PATH = "/api/mcp/files"
+export const uploadTargets = ["inbox", "incoming_invoice"] as const
+export type UploadTarget = typeof uploadTargets[number]
+
+export type McpFileUpload = {
+    target: UploadTarget
+    filename: string
+    body: Buffer
+    mimeType?: string | null
+    invoiceId?: number | null
+    prepare?: boolean
+}
+
+export function mcpUploadUrl() {
+    const base = secrets.API_BASE_URL?.replace(/\/+$/, "")
+    return base ? `${base}${MCP_UPLOAD_PATH}` : MCP_UPLOAD_PATH
+}
+
+const badRequest = (message: string, statusCode = 400) => Object.assign(new Error(message), { statusCode })
+
+/** Reads the query options of the binary upload endpoint. */
+export function parseUploadQuery(query: Record<string, unknown>) {
+    const target = (query.target ?? "inbox") as UploadTarget
+    if (!uploadTargets.includes(target)) throw badRequest(`target muss ${uploadTargets.join(" oder ")} sein.`)
+    let invoiceId: number | null = null
+    if (query.invoiceId !== undefined && query.invoiceId !== "") {
+        invoiceId = Number(query.invoiceId)
+        if (!Number.isSafeInteger(invoiceId) || invoiceId < 1) throw badRequest("invoiceId muss eine positive ganze Zahl sein.")
+    }
+    if (query.prepare !== undefined && !["true", "false"].includes(String(query.prepare))) throw badRequest("prepare muss true oder false sein.")
+    if (target === "inbox" && (invoiceId || query.prepare !== undefined)) throw badRequest("invoiceId und prepare gelten nur für target=incoming_invoice.")
+    const filename = typeof query.filename === "string" && query.filename.trim() ? query.filename.trim() : null
+    return { target, invoiceId, prepare: String(query.prepare) !== "false", filename }
+}
+
+export async function storeMcpFileUpload(context: McpContext, upload: McpFileUpload) {
+    if (!upload.body.length) throw badRequest("Die Datei ist leer.")
+    if (upload.body.length > MCP_FILE_LIMIT) throw badRequest("MCP-Uploads sind auf 20 MiB begrenzt.", 413)
+    if (upload.target === "inbox") {
+        assertToolPermission(context, { name: "documents.files.upload", requiredPermissions: ["documents.write"] })
+        await assertInternalDocumentAccess(context)
+        const mimeType = validateScannerFile(upload.filename, upload.body)
+        const result = await createScannerInboxService(context.server.db).upload(context.tenantId, context.userId, upload.filename, upload.body)
+        return { ...result, filename: upload.filename, mimeType, size: upload.body.length }
+    }
+    assertToolPermission(context, { name: "accounting.incoming_invoices.files.upload", requiredPermissions: ["accounting.incoming_invoices.write"] })
+    return uploadIncomingInvoiceFile(context, {
+        filename: upload.filename,
+        buffer: upload.body,
+        mimeType: upload.mimeType || "application/octet-stream",
+        invoiceId: upload.invoiceId,
+        prepare: upload.prepare,
+    })
+}
+
+export const uploadUrlTool: McpTool = {
+    name: "documents.files.upload_url",
+    title: "Upload-Adresse für Dateien",
+    description: "Liefert die HTTP-Adresse, über die Dateien ohne Base64 direkt hochgeladen werden (multipart/form-data oder Rohdaten, maximal 20 MiB). Für Uploads mit Dateizugriff, z. B. per curl, statt documents.files.upload oder accounting.incoming_invoices.files.upload verwenden.",
+    // Informational only; the endpoint checks the permission of the chosen target.
+    requiredPermissions: [],
+    inputSchema: { type: "object", properties: {}, additionalProperties: false },
+    async handler() {
+        const url = mcpUploadUrl()
+        return {
+            url,
+            method: "POST",
+            authentication: "Authorization: Bearer <derselbe MCP-Token>",
+            bodies: {
+                multipart: "multipart/form-data mit dem Dateifeld file; der Dateiname wird aus dem Upload übernommen.",
+                raw: "Dateiinhalt als Body mit passendem Content-Type (application/pdf, image/jpeg, image/png, image/tiff, application/xml oder application/octet-stream) und Query-Parameter filename.",
+            },
+            query: {
+                target: "inbox (Standard, Dokumentenablage, benötigt documents.write) oder incoming_invoice (Eingangsrechnung, benötigt accounting.incoming_invoices.write).",
+                filename: "Dateiname; bei Rohdaten erforderlich, bei multipart optional zum Überschreiben.",
+                invoiceId: "Nur incoming_invoice: vorhandenen Eingangsbeleg verknüpfen.",
+                prepare: "Nur incoming_invoice: false unterdrückt die automatische Belegvorbereitung (Standard true).",
+            },
+            response: "JSON wie beim entsprechenden Base64-Werkzeug.",
+            examples: [
+                `curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $FEDEO_MCP_TOKEN" -F "file=@rechnung.pdf" "${url}?target=incoming_invoice"`,
+                `curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $FEDEO_MCP_TOKEN" -H "Content-Type: application/pdf" --data-binary @scan.pdf "${url}?filename=scan.pdf"`,
+            ],
+        }
+    },
+}

backend/src/mcp/registry.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { organisationTools } from "./tools/organisation"
 import { wikiTools } from "./tools/wiki"
 import { documentTools } from "./tools/documents"
 import { archiveTools } from "./tools/archive"
+import { uploadUrlTool } from "./fileUploads"
 
 export const mcpTools = [
     ...accountingTools,
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ export const mcpTools = [
     ...wikiTools,
     ...documentTools,
     ...archiveTools,
+    uploadUrlTool,
 ]
 
 export const mcpToolMap = new Map(mcpTools.map((tool) => [tool.name, tool]))

backend/src/mcp/tools/accounting.ts

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ import {
     prepareStatementAllocationInput,
     statementAllocationUuidArg,
 } from "../statementAllocations"
-import { McpTool } from "../types"
+import { McpContext, McpTool } from "../types"
 import { outgoingStatusTools } from "./outgoingStatus"
 
 export { prepareStatementAllocationInput } from "../statementAllocations"
@@ -312,6 +312,98 @@ const loadIncomingInvoiceFileDefaults = async (context: { server: any; tenantId:
     }
 }
 
+export type IncomingInvoiceFileUpload = {
+    filename: string
+    buffer: Buffer
+    mimeType: string
+    invoiceId?: number | null
+    invoiceArgs?: Record<string, unknown> | null
+    prepare?: boolean
+}
+
+/** Shared by the Base64 tool and the binary MCP upload endpoint. */
+export async function uploadIncomingInvoiceFile(context: McpContext, upload: IncomingInvoiceFileUpload) {
+    const { filename, buffer, mimeType } = upload
+    const invoiceId = upload.invoiceId || null
+    const invoiceArgs = upload.invoiceArgs || null
+    const shouldPrepare = upload.prepare !== false && !invoiceId && !invoiceArgs
+    if (!buffer.length) throw new Error("Datei ist leer")
+    if (buffer.length > MAX_MCP_UPLOAD_BYTES) throw new Error("Datei ist größer als 20 MB")
+
+    let linkedInvoice: any = null
+
+    if (invoiceId) {
+        const [existing] = await context.server.db
+            .select()
+            .from(incominginvoices)
+            .where(and(eq(incominginvoices.id, invoiceId), eq(incominginvoices.tenant, context.tenantId)))
+            .limit(1)
+
+        if (!existing) throw new Error("Eingangsbeleg nicht gefunden")
+        linkedInvoice = existing
+    } else if (invoiceArgs) {
+        const payload = buildIncomingInvoicePayload(invoiceArgs, context.userId, context.tenantId, true)
+        payload.state = "Entwurf"
+
+        const [createdInvoice] = await context.server.db
+            .insert(incominginvoices)
+            .values(payload as any)
+            .returning()
+
+        linkedInvoice = createdInvoice
+    }
+
+    const defaults = await loadIncomingInvoiceFileDefaults(context)
+    const saved = await saveFile(
+        context.server,
+        context.tenantId,
+        null,
+        {
+            filename,
+            content: buffer,
+            contentType: mimeType,
+        },
+        defaults.folderId,
+        defaults.fileTagId,
+        {
+            incominginvoice: linkedInvoice?.id || null,
+            createdBy: context.userId,
+            updatedBy: context.userId,
+            updatedAt: new Date(),
+        }
+    )
+
+    if (!saved) throw new Error("Datei konnte nicht gespeichert werden")
+
+    if (shouldPrepare) {
+        // Only the uploaded file; other open invoice files stay for an explicit preparation run.
+        await context.server.services.prepareIncomingInvoices.run(context.tenantId, { fileIds: [saved.id] })
+    }
+
+    const [file] = await context.server.db
+        .select()
+        .from(files)
+        .where(and(eq(files.id, saved.id), eq(files.tenant, context.tenantId)))
+        .limit(1)
+
+    if (file?.incominginvoice && !linkedInvoice) {
+        const [preparedInvoice] = await context.server.db
+            .select()
+            .from(incominginvoices)
+            .where(and(eq(incominginvoices.id, file.incominginvoice), eq(incominginvoices.tenant, context.tenantId)))
+            .limit(1)
+
+        linkedInvoice = preparedInvoice || null
+    }
+
+    return {
+        file,
+        invoice: linkedInvoice,
+        validation: linkedInvoice ? validateIncomingInvoiceData(linkedInvoice as Record<string, any>) : null,
+        prepared: Boolean(shouldPrepare && linkedInvoice),
+    }
+}
+
 const buildIncomingInvoicePayload = (
     args: Record<string, unknown>,
     userId: string,
@@ -1014,7 +1106,7 @@ export const accountingTools: McpTool[] = [
     {
         name: "accounting.incoming_invoices.files.upload",
         title: "Datei für Eingangsbeleg hochladen",
-        description: "Lädt eine PDF- oder Bilddatei als Base64 hoch, verknüpft sie optional mit einem Eingangsbeleg oder stößt die automatische Vorbereitung an.",
+        description: "Lädt eine PDF- oder Bilddatei als Base64 hoch, verknüpft sie optional mit einem Eingangsbeleg oder stößt die automatische Vorbereitung dieser Datei an. Mit Dateizugriff besser ohne Base64 über die Adresse aus documents.files.upload_url (target=incoming_invoice) hochladen.",
         requiredPermissions: ["accounting.incoming_invoices.write"],
         inputSchema: {
             type: "object",
@@ -1050,83 +1142,14 @@ export const accountingTools: McpTool[] = [
             const filename = stringArg(args, "filename")
             if (!filename) throw new Error("filename ist erforderlich")
 
-            const buffer = base64BufferArg(args, "contentBase64")
-            const mimeType = stringArg(args, "mimeType") || "application/octet-stream"
-            const invoiceId = numberArg(args, "invoiceId")
-            const invoiceArgs = optionalObjectArg(args, "invoice") as Record<string, unknown> | null
-            const shouldPrepare = args.prepare !== false && !invoiceId && !invoiceArgs
-
-            let linkedInvoice: any = null
-
-            if (invoiceId) {
-                const [existing] = await context.server.db
-                    .select()
-                    .from(incominginvoices)
-                    .where(and(eq(incominginvoices.id, invoiceId), eq(incominginvoices.tenant, context.tenantId)))
-                    .limit(1)
-
-                if (!existing) throw new Error("Eingangsbeleg nicht gefunden")
-                linkedInvoice = existing
-            } else if (invoiceArgs) {
-                const payload = buildIncomingInvoicePayload(invoiceArgs, context.userId, context.tenantId, true)
-                payload.state = "Entwurf"
-
-                const [createdInvoice] = await context.server.db
-                    .insert(incominginvoices)
-                    .values(payload as any)
-                    .returning()
-
-                linkedInvoice = createdInvoice
-            }
-
-            const defaults = await loadIncomingInvoiceFileDefaults(context)
-            const saved = await saveFile(
-                context.server,
-                context.tenantId,
-                null,
-                {
-                    filename,
-                    content: buffer,
-                    contentType: mimeType,
-                },
-                defaults.folderId,
-                defaults.fileTagId,
-                {
-                    incominginvoice: linkedInvoice?.id || null,
-                    createdBy: context.userId,
-                    updatedBy: context.userId,
-                    updatedAt: new Date(),
-                }
-            )
-
-            if (!saved) throw new Error("Datei konnte nicht gespeichert werden")
-
-            if (shouldPrepare) {
-                await context.server.services.prepareIncomingInvoices.run(context.tenantId)
-            }
-
-            const [file] = await context.server.db
-                .select()
-                .from(files)
-                .where(and(eq(files.id, saved.id), eq(files.tenant, context.tenantId)))
-                .limit(1)
-
-            if (file?.incominginvoice && !linkedInvoice) {
-                const [preparedInvoice] = await context.server.db
-                    .select()
-                    .from(incominginvoices)
-                    .where(and(eq(incominginvoices.id, file.incominginvoice), eq(incominginvoices.tenant, context.tenantId)))
-                    .limit(1)
-
-                linkedInvoice = preparedInvoice || null
-            }
-
-            return {
-                file,
-                invoice: linkedInvoice,
-                validation: linkedInvoice ? validateIncomingInvoiceData(linkedInvoice as Record<string, any>) : null,
-                prepared: Boolean(shouldPrepare && linkedInvoice),
-            }
+            return uploadIncomingInvoiceFile(context, {
+                filename,
+                buffer: base64BufferArg(args, "contentBase64"),
+                mimeType: stringArg(args, "mimeType") || "application/octet-stream",
+                invoiceId: numberArg(args, "invoiceId"),
+                invoiceArgs: optionalObjectArg(args, "invoice") as Record<string, unknown> | null,
+                prepare: args.prepare !== false,
+            })
         },
     },
     {

backend/src/mcp/tools/documents.ts

@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ export function createDocumentTools(dependencies: Dependencies = {}): McpTool[]
                 const body = await readFile(file.path, MCP_FILE_LIMIT)
                 return { ...metadata, size: body.length, contentBase64: body.toString("base64") }
             }),
-        tool("files.upload", "PDF oder Scan hochladen", "Lädt eine vollständige PDF-, JPEG-, PNG- oder TIFF-Datei als Base64 (maximal 20 MiB, ohne Data-URL-Präfix) in die Dokumentenablage. Danach documents.inbox.file verwenden. Gleicher Dateiname und Inhalt werden nicht erneut angelegt; anderer Inhalt unter demselben Namen wird abgewiesen.", true,
+        tool("files.upload", "PDF oder Scan hochladen", "Lädt eine vollständige PDF-, JPEG-, PNG- oder TIFF-Datei als Base64 (maximal 20 MiB, ohne Data-URL-Präfix) in die Dokumentenablage. Mit Dateizugriff besser ohne Base64 über die Adresse aus documents.files.upload_url hochladen. Danach documents.inbox.file verwenden. Gleicher Dateiname und Inhalt werden nicht erneut angelegt; anderer Inhalt unter demselben Namen wird abgewiesen.", true,
             { filename: filenameField, contentBase64: { schema: { type: "string", minLength: 1, maxLength: Math.ceil(MCP_FILE_LIMIT / 3) * 4 }, parse: value => value } },
             ["filename", "contentBase64"], async (context, args) => {
                 const { body, mimeType } = decodeDocumentUpload(args.filename as string, args.contentBase64)

backend/src/routes/mcp.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,11 @@ import { s3 } from "../utils/s3"
 import { secrets } from "../utils/secrets"
 import { GetObjectCommand } from "@aws-sdk/client-s3"
 import { sanitizeFilename } from "../utils/filename"
+import multipart from "@fastify/multipart"
+import { MCP_FILE_LIMIT } from "../mcp/documentFiles"
+import { parseUploadQuery, storeMcpFileUpload } from "../mcp/fileUploads"
+
+const RAW_UPLOAD_TYPES = ["application/pdf", "application/octet-stream", "application/xml", "text/xml", "image/jpeg", "image/png", "image/tiff"]
 
 const SUPPORTED_PROTOCOL_VERSIONS = [
     "2025-11-25",
@@ -62,7 +67,13 @@ const requireMcpTokenManagementPermission = (req: any) => {
     throw Object.assign(new Error("Fehlende Berechtigung: mcp.tokens.write"), { statusCode: 403 })
 }
 
-export default async function mcpRoutes(server: FastifyInstance) {
+type McpRouteOptions = {
+    /** Replaceable in tests to avoid object storage. */
+    storeUpload?: typeof storeMcpFileUpload
+}
+
+export default async function mcpRoutes(server: FastifyInstance, options: McpRouteOptions = {}) {
+    const storeUpload = options.storeUpload || storeMcpFileUpload
     server.get("/mcp/tokens", async (req, reply) => {
         try {
             requireMcpTokenManagementPermission(req)
@@ -221,6 +232,37 @@ export default async function mcpRoutes(server: FastifyInstance) {
         }
     })
 
+    // Binary uploads without Base64; parsers stay scoped so JSON-RPC parsing is unaffected.
+    await server.register(async (uploads) => {
+        await uploads.register(multipart, { limits: { fileSize: MCP_FILE_LIMIT, files: 1 } })
+        uploads.addContentTypeParser(RAW_UPLOAD_TYPES, { parseAs: "buffer", bodyLimit: MCP_FILE_LIMIT }, (_req, body, done) => done(null, body))
+
+        uploads.post("/mcp/files", async (req, reply) => {
+            try {
+                const context = await createMcpContext(server, req)
+                const query = parseUploadQuery(req.query as Record<string, unknown>)
+                let body: Buffer
+                let filename = query.filename
+                let mimeType = req.headers["content-type"]?.split(";")[0].trim() || null
+                if (req.isMultipart()) {
+                    const part = await req.file()
+                    if (!part || part.fieldname !== "file") return reply.code(400).send({ error: "Bitte die Datei im Feld file übertragen." })
+                    body = await part.toBuffer()
+                    filename ||= part.filename
+                    mimeType = part.mimetype
+                } else if (Buffer.isBuffer(req.body)) {
+                    body = req.body
+                } else {
+                    return reply.code(415).send({ error: `Bitte multipart/form-data oder einen der Content-Types ${RAW_UPLOAD_TYPES.join(", ")} verwenden.` })
+                }
+                if (!filename) return reply.code(400).send({ error: "filename ist erforderlich." })
+                return await storeUpload(context, { ...query, filename, body, mimeType })
+            } catch (error) {
+                return reply.code((error as any)?.statusCode || 400).send({ error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : "Upload fehlgeschlagen." })
+            }
+        })
+    })
+
     server.post("/mcp", { bodyLimit: MCP_BODY_LIMIT }, async (req, reply) => {
         const body = req.body as JsonRpcRequest | JsonRpcRequest[]
         const requests = Array.isArray(body) ? body : [body]